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So, like so many other things, heat engines operate on a cycle.Īnd cycles achieve some goal, like heating or cooling a room, by circulating what’s known as a working fluid through a series of operations. The engine then releases wasted heat at a lower temperature, maybe into its surroundings or a water supply, and then readies itself to start over again. Last time, we learned that heat engines are machines or systems that convert heat into other forms of energy.Ī basic heat engine can do this by taking in heat at a higher temperature, from say, solar energy or a furnace, and then converting part of that heat to work, usually by rotating a shaft. So how do refrigeration cycles work? Well, it’s easier to understand if we start with something similar that we already know a bit about: heat engines. Perkins’ system didn’t succeed commercially at first, but it was the first step towards the modern refrigerators that we use today.
Then, in the 1830’s, Perkins used Evans’ ideas and actually did. In 1805, Evans came up with a closed vapor-compression refrigeration cycle, but he never actually built a refrigerator. The process that your fridge uses today is based on the work of 19th century American inventors Oliver Evans and Jacob Perkins. We can also keep making cycles for as long as we need, say, to keep food cold in a fridge at a constant temperature. With the right resources, we can keep running through cycles until we get enough of what we want, like the distance traveled in a car. And cycles are important because, they allow us to run through the same process again and again, instead of limiting us to doing something only once. So, its initial and final states should be the same. In engineering, we say that a system has undergone a cycle if it returns to its initial state at the end of the process.
And that’s exactly what’s happening in some of the most commonly used devices that have ever been engineered, like the heat pump that’s heating your home and the refrigerator that’s keeping your food from spoiling. They can be pretty complex, but at their core, each one is just a sequence of events or steps that repeat themselves in the same order. But repetition is also key to the processes that you use as an engineer. That applies to repetition in your own work – so that you’re always designing, prototyping, testing, and then designing again. To succeed in engineering, you have to master the art of repetition. Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
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We’ll also discuss phase diagrams and the power of using renewable energy resourcesĬrash Course Engineering is produced in association with PBS Digital Studios: Ĭ̧engel, Yunus A., and Michael A. Today we’ll explain what they are and how they’re used in heat engines, refrigerators, and heat pumps.